temerity: suggests presumptuous boldness arising from rashness and contempt of danger: had the ~ to ask for a favor after that insult.


audacity: implies a disregard of restraints commonly imposely by convention or prudence: an entrepreneur with ~ and vision.


hardihood: suggests firmness of purpose in daring and defiance: no serious scientist has the ~ to claim that.


effrontery: implies shameless and arrogant disregard of propriety or coutesy: had the ~ to tell me how to do my job.


nerve: an informal equivalent for effrontery, stresses hardihood: the ~ of that guy.


cheek: also a substitue for effrontery, implies impudent self-assurance: has the ~ to bill herself as a singer.    impudent无礼: 拒不考虑谦虚体面


gall: is like nerve and cheek but emphasizes insolence: had the ~ to demand some evidence.    (insolence:羞辱般高傲)


chutzpah: adds to nerve and gall the notion of supreme self-confidence: his ~ got him into the exclusive party.


temerity: 自以为是的莽撞冒失，audacity: 不顾通常克制，hardihood: 坚决的大胆厚颜，effrontery: 无耻无礼，nerve: 也是无耻无礼，强调大胆厚颜，cheek: 也是无耻无礼，强调无礼的自信(impudent:不谦虚体面)，gall: 同nerve和cheek，但强调高傲，chutzpah: 表示无比自信


记忆方法: 1) 首字母TAHEGNCC重组为CENG蹭和CHAT聊天<==胆敢           蹭原指摩擦或慢吞吞做事，北京方言中表示不付代价而获得，常指白吃饭、白坐车等，如蹭饭蹭车，这里想象成蹭聊天

         2) 胆敢的意思是明显恶劣的大胆mean conspicuous or flagrant boldness.首字母TAHEGNCC重组为CENG蹭和CHAT聊天<==胆敢       本组词都表示胆大厚颜，前三个偏向胆大，后五个偏向厚颜